Jonathan Edwards’ Great Awakening
Jonathan Edwards is one of a handful of dynamic preachers and evangelists who can be credited as catalysts for what is now called a historic Great Awakening in American Christianity. The emotional delivery of Edwards’ sermons cut to the quick and resulted in serious conviction and immediate decision on the part of his listeners. Edwards was an ultra-conservative theologian, a staunch Calvinist (his followers refer to themselves as “New Light Calvinist”), and a devotee of Puritanism. Edward’s “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,” delivered in Enfield, CT in 1741, is not only a celebrated homiletic masterpiece, but also a treasure of American Literature. It also marks the beginning of New England’s Great Awakening. The sermon is a good example of what in later American Christianity became known as “fire and brimstone” preaching. This sort of preaching became very common in large zones of Evangelicalism and has had a profound influence upon American religion as a result.
Yet Another Inconvenient Proof?
Blogging Etiquette Lesson One
I’ve been blogging for a few years now. I’ve learned a few things along the way, at least I would like to think so. I thought I’d reflect upon these less than life-lessons and share them with all of those who may or may not be interested. These lessons on etiquette will pop up every now and then on this weblog. It all boils down to solid ethics and devoted spiritual practice. Adherence to both should put you in a happy place. Reckless self-publishing may lead to personal anxiety, which will surely disturb your shalom. Read More »
John MacArthur Loves Pearl Jam!
John MacArthur shows us all how to miss a good point with proper Christian etiquette. Ah, let’s all long for the good ‘ole days of 1966, shall we? I respect and enjoy the work of Mark Driscoll. I am mystified at the seemingly endless attacks directed toward the guy from ‘in house’ people.
Dawkins Lunging, Flailing, Mispunching
Terry Eagleton (John Edward Taylor Professor of English Literature at Manchester University), writes in Lunging, Flailing, Mispunching: “Imagine someone holding forth on biology whose only knowledge of the subject is the Book of British Birds, and you have a rough idea of what it feels like to read Richard Dawkins on theology. Card-carrying rationalists like Dawkins, who is the nearest thing to a professional atheist we have had since Bertrand Russell, are in one sense the least well-equipped to understand what they castigate, since they don’t believe there is anything there to be understood, or at least anything worth understanding. This is why they invariably come up with vulgar caricatures of religious faith that would make a first-year theology student wince. The more they detest religion, the more ill-informed their criticisms of it tend to be.”
Bill Muehlenberg’s Response to Atheistic Intolerance
Literary, Ideological, and Canonical Read of Ecclesiastes 3.1-8
Ecclesiastes 3:1 For everything there is a season, and a time for every matter under heaven: 2. a time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up what is planted; 3. a time to kill, and a time to heal; a time to break down, and a time to build up; 4. a time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance; 5. a time to throw away stones, and a time to gather stones together; a time to embrace, and a time to refrain from embracing; 6. a time to seek, and a time to lose; a time to keep, and a time to throw away; 7. a time to tear, and a time to sew; a time to keep silence, and a time to speak; 8. a time to love, and a time to hate; a time for war, and a time for peace. Read More »
William Penn and the Quakers
William Penn left his prestigious Anglican family heritage for a less spectacular but obviously more fulfilling Society of Friends (aka the Quakers). King Charles II of England awarded Penn a large section of land in North America to settle a loan debt with Penn’s father. Penn named this large section of land “Pennsylvania.” The government established for the colony by Penn was similar to that of Roger Williams and Providence. Pennsylvania was a colony wherein the freedom of religion, religious toleration, and fair court trials were realities. The atmosphere of Penn’s Pennsylvania was attractive to a variety of religious groups seeking the cessation of religious persecution and hardship. Penn also treated the Indians in the region with fairness. A treaty was drafted between the Quakers and the Indians. Once again, the relationship between democracy and religion as illustrated above is seriously important in American religious life.
Bridget Bishop and the Salem Witch Trials
The first of twenty people killed in Salem, Massachusetts for witchcraft was Bridget Bishop. Bridget Bishop was reportedly loud, flashy, and rude in contrast to the social and religious norms of her day. She was also married multiple times, a serious social taboo in her day. One of her husbands was even thought to have been bewitched to death by Bishop. Her reputation obviously marked her as suspect before any witch trial began. Bishop’s body was thoroughly searched for “witch marks.” A “witch’s tet” between “ye pupendum and anus” was discovered on her person. Her accusers claimed this to be the suckle point between her and her devil, which took the form of a small hairy animal. Bridget Bishop was found guilty of witchcraft and was hanged from the branches of a large oak tree growing in a place that would later be known as “Witches Hill.” The Salem Witch Trials still serve as historic examples of the extreme dangers inherent to religious fundamentalism in America.
Seymour and the Birth of American Pentecostalism
William J. Seymour, the son of former slaves, was raised a Baptist. Seymour moved to Houston where he began to visit a holiness based African-American congregation led by Lucy F. Farrow. Lucy F. Farrow was a former governess in the house of Charles F. Parham. Charles Parham was the leader of the Midwestern Apostolic Faith movement. Apostolic Faith was the original name given to the outpouring of the Holy Spirit that occurred in January 1901 in the spiritually rich environment of his Bethel Bible School in Topeka, Kansas. This movement would later be recognized as Pentecostalism. Seymour, quite unknowingly, jumped into a literal stream of events of which he would not actually become totally aware until the experience of Spirit infused eruption of the Azusa Street Revival. Black, brown and white Christian worshipers gathered (a miracle in its own right, given the time and situation) at Azusa Street and the Holy Spirit was poured out upon them. Led by Seymour, they spoke in strange tongues and set off a missional-based Pentecostal revival that lasted for more than three years. This Pentecostal revival has had - and still has - a profound effect upon American Christianity. American Christianity cannot even be seriously discussed if Pentecostalism is not a part of the conversation. This is amazing, given the less than cold reception offered to almost all of the participants of the Azusa Street Revival by members and leaders of their home churches and denominations.